THE CHRONOLOGICAL BIOGRAPHY OF NAKAMURA TEMPU
By Sawai Atsuhiro and H. E. Davey
Photos Courtesy of Sawai Atsuhiro
1876
Nakamura Tempu Sensei was born on July 30 at Oji Mura, Toyoshima
Gun, Tokyo Fu (presently known as Oji, Kitaku, Tokyo To). His father
was Sukeoki, and his mother was Chou. He was born Nakamura Saburo,
their third son.
Nakamura Sukeoki was from the Yanagawa Clan
(1) in Kyushu and a high-ranking central government official,
Director of the Department of the Mint in the Finance Ministry.
Nakamura Saburo's mother is said to have been a bright and cheerful
woman from the Capital of Edo (now Tokyo) (2).
A British engineer, who specialized in printing, was working
for the Mint. He lived near the Nakamura family house in Oji, and
his wife was fond of Saburo, so she taught him conversational
English on a daily basis.
1889
He finished his elementary school education at Honjo, Tokyo.
Nakamura Saburo entered Shuyu Kan High School (3)
in Fukuoka, Kyushu.
1892
At 16 years old, he withdrew from the high school and stayed at
the Genyo Sha (4), managed by Toyama Mitsuru
(5). This was through the introduction of
Baron Maeda Masana (Saburo's uncle), who was Undersecretary of
the Agriculture and Commerce Ministry.
Nicknamed the "Panther of Genyo Sha" because of his fierce
and quick temperament, Saburo became an errand boy for Kono
Kinkichi, an intelligent officer in the Imperial Army, who held
the rank of Captain. Saburo engaged in secret service activities
in Manchuria and the Ryoto Peninsula in China a few months before
the Japan /China War broke out. He studied Chinese language
intensely for one year.
1894
He entered Gakushuin High School (6), but he
withdrew soon after beginning. He became good friends with Iwasaki
Hisaya (7).
1902
At 26 years old, he was hired as an intelligence agent belonging
to the General Staff Office. He received special training, which
prepared him to enter Manchuria. He collected intelligence and
engaged in military operations a few months before the Japan-Russia
War began.
1904
The Japan-Russia War broke out when Nakamura Sensei was 28 years
old. He played a significant role in this conflict as a military
agent involved in espionage and intelligence gathering. He was
captured by a Russian squadron and given a death sentence. A few
seconds before his execution by firing squad, he narrowly escaped
death, when a hand grenade was thrown by his subordinate.
On another occasion, he was shot by a sniper during his patrol
on the Great Wall of China. He jumped from the wall, and he was
seriously injured, falling into a coma for about a month. For most
of his life, he felt occasional acute dizziness as an aftereffect
of this incident. He also had problems with his vision in both
eyes.
Due to yet another wartime injury, a nerve was cut in his right
hand, making it impossible for him to fully bend his right middle
finger.
1905
At 29 years old, he returned from war to his parents' house in
Hongo, Tokyo. Nakamura Sensei was one of only nine people that
returned home alive out of his group of 113 military personnel.
Around this time, Chairman Nezu Kaichiro asked him to join the
management of the Dai Nippon Flour Mill (now the Nisshin Flour Mill)
as an executive.
1906
At 30 years old, Nakamura Sensei was diagnosed with a rapidly
advancing case of tuberculosis, a disease that was often fatal.
He was treated by a Dr. Kitazato, the top tuberculosis specialist
in Japan, but he did not recover. To find a cure for his disease
and to arrive at peace of mind, he began reading about medicine,
religion, philosophy, and psychology.
1909
At 33 years old, Nakamura Sensei traveled to the USA to seek advice
and medical treatment, rather than waiting to die. Travel to other
countries (back then) was difficult even for healthy people. He met
Orison
Swett Marden, reputed to be a great young philosopher and the
author of How to Get What You Want, but Marden's method
provided no psychosomatic cure for his disease.
1911
At 35 years old, Nakamura Sensei's illness went into remission
due to the medical treatments he received in the USA. Impressed
by these treatments, he entered Columbia University, where he
studied medicine.
His illness returned, prompting him to look for a psychosomatic
cure in London, where he attended a psychology seminar titled
"Mental Activities and the Nervous System," which was presented
by H.
Addington Bruce. He went to Paris, and he met a Dr. Lindler
at Lyon University. This was through an introduction from the
actress Sarah
Bernhardt, and he studied with Lindler, who taught him an
effective method of autosuggestion using a mirror.
His illness continued to worsen, but he still visited Hans Adolf Eduard
Driesch, a famed biologist and philosopher living in Germany.
His tuberculosis remained, however, and he found no answers to his
questions concerning life, death, and the human mind.
In May of 1911, Nakamura Sensei decided to return to Japan by
ship. On the way home, at a hotel in Cairo, Egypt, he came across
a yoga and meditation teacher named Kaliapa. He followed Kaliapa
to the village of Gorkhe, which lies between China and India at
the foot of the third peak of Mt. Kanchenjunga in the Himalayas.
Via the practice of yogic meditation, Nakamura Sensei experienced
spiritual realization and awakened his higher mind after two years
and several months of practice. His tuberculosis disappeared. He
would later become the first Japanese to introduce yoga style
philosophy and meditation to Japan.
1913
At 37 years old, while returning from India to Japan, Nakamura
Sensei stopped in Shanghai. There he met his old friend Yamaza
Enjiro, then Japanese Ambassador to China. By his request,
Nakamura Sensei joined the second Xinhai Geming Revolution. He
assisted Sun Wen, and he became one of his highest political
advisers. However, the revolution failed, and he came home to
Japan. In a few years, he became President of the Tokyo Bank
of Business & Savings. He also successfully managed several
companies and played an active role in the Japanese business
community.
1919
At 43 years old, Nakamura Sensei was suddenly inspired to abandon
his social position and wealth to found the Toitsu-Kai ("Association
for Unification"). This was later renamed the Toitsu Tetsui Gakkai,
the "Unification Philosophy and Medical Research Institute," and
it was dedicated to helping people to improve their mental and
physical health.
He began offering free classes in Shin-shin-toitsu-do, "The
Way of Mind and Body Unification," which took place daily at Ueno
Park and Hibiya Park in Tokyo. In September of this year, Mukai
Iwao, Chief Prosecutor, noticed him and introduced him to Prime
Minister Hara
Takashi (8). Prime Minister Hara said,
"This is a man to speak in a proper place, not in the streets."
As the result, many well-known people in political and financial
circles came to attend his public lectures. Admiral Togo Heihachiro
(9); Sugiura Jugo (10),
a famed educator; and Ishikawa Sodo, a renowned Zen Buddhist priest
of Sojiji Temple in Tsurumi, Yokohama are just a few of his early
famous students.
1923
At the age of 47, at the request of Justice Minister Yokota
Sennosuke, Nakamura Sensei was asked to intervene in a dispute
involving the Korean Keinan Railway. During the process of
successfully resolving this dispute, he met Saito Makoto,
Korean Governor, and Nakamura Sensei established a Korean
branch of his association.
1924
When Nakamura Sensei was 48, famed Navy Admiral Yamamoto Eisuke
(then President of the Japanese Naval Academy) advised Marquis
Komatsu to become one of his students. Yamamoto was, at that
time, President of the Japanese Naval Academy. By the recommendation
of Komatsu (former Prince Kitashirakawa Teruhisa), he lectured several
times to three Imperial princes (Higashi Kuni, Kita Shirakawa, and
Takeda).
Many prominent people such as Ozaki Yukio (Justice Minister of
Japan), Goto Shinpei (Interior Minister of Japan and President of
Manchuria Railway), and Asano Soichiro (founder of Asano Cement
Company) came to attend his lectures on Shin-shin-toitsu-do
(a.k.a. Japanese yoga).
In December of 1924, the Kansai Headquarters of the Toitsu
Tetsui Gakkai was established in Osaka.
1925
When Nakamura Sensei was 49 his lecture entitled "Yamai and Byoki"
("Illness and Worrying about It") was put on air throughout Japan
by the Osaka Broadcast Station. Taking place on June 8, his program
was broadcast just eight days after the radio station was established.
(Nakamura Sensei was one of Japan's first on-air featured speakers.
History's inaugural radio broadcast in Japan took place on March 22,
1925 from Tokyo's Atago Mountain.)
1925 to 1947
From 1925 on, many district branches of the Toitsu Tetsui Gakkai
were established in Kyoto, Nagoya, Kobe, Otaru (Hokkaido). In
January 1940, the Toitsu Tetsui Gakkai was renamed the Tempu-Kai
(the "Tempu Society"). Many seminars and activities were held
nationwide until the start of World War II.
In March 1945 (the last year of WWII), Japan's wartime military
government ordered the demolition of Tempu-Kai's headquarters in
Tokyo. This was due to Nakamura Sensei's pacifist philosophy and
public denouncements of the war.
In October 1946, the first Shin-shin-toitsu-do lectures after
the war took place in the hall of the Toranomon Building in Shibaku,
Tokyo. From that date, every month public lectures were held at
various places in the war-ruined metropolis.
1947
In October 1947, at the age of 71, Nakamura Sensei taught Japanese
yoga (Shin-shin-toitsu-do) for three days to an audience of about
250 officials of the U.S. Army General Headquarters at the request
of Commander Eikelburger. This seminar took place in the basement
hall of the Mainichi Press Building. The millionaire John D.
Rockefeller III happened to be in the audience. Impressed by the
teachings of Japanese yoga, he offered to bring Nakamura Sensei
to the USA to teach. Nakamura Sensei declined and stated that
his first priority was to reestablish the health of the citizens
of war torn Japan.
Tempu-Kai activities began to take place throughout Japan.
1962
In April 1962, when Nakamura Sensei was 86 years old, the Japanese
government officially recognized Tempu-Kai as a nonprofit educational
foundation, or zaidan hojin.
This was in acknowledgement of the work the association had been
doing for many years to help Japanese citizens to improve their
health.
1968
In April, the Tempu Kaikan ("Tempu Society Hall") was completed on
the grounds of Gokokuji Temple in Tokyo. Nakamura Sensei passed away
on December 1, 1968 at the age of 92.
1968 to the present
The students directly taught by Nakamura Tempu Sensei numbered more
than a 100,000. He taught people from all walks of life and from
every part of Japan.
Among the past and present students of Shin-shin-toitsu-do are
members of the Japanese Imperial Family, government officials,
business leaders, famous scholars, Japanese Order of Culture
recipients, Olympic gold medalists, well-known actors, and
celebrated novelists.
Tempu-Kai does not advertise for students. New students join
the association through the introduction of senior members. In
1988, Tempu-Kai's 70th anniversary was celebrated, and the total
number of members at that time was over one million (11).
Notes
1. The Yanagawa Clan was famous for cultivating many strong
warriors.
2. A person born in Edo was called Edokko. In Japan, just
mentioning that a person was Edokko implied that he/she was
vigorous and quick to respond.
3. Even today, Shuyu Kan is a famous private high school
in Kyushu.
4. The Genyo Sha was a well-known political group,
considered to be right wing, which advocated and led a national
movement to realize their version of democracy in Japan.
5. Toyama Mitsuru was an influential political activist and
the leader of the Genyo Sha. He not only influenced politics in
Japan, but he was involved in the Chinese Revolution lead by Sun
Wen and the national independence movement in India. Nakamura
Sensei was assisted by Toyama in many ways during his life.
Toyama helped him get a visa to travel to the USA and helped
to put him in a position to teach Japanese yoga to princes and
princesses of the Imperial Family.
6. Gakushuin is a special high school to educate the members
of the Imperial Family and the sons of the Japanese aristocracy.
Later, Gakushuin University was also established. All of Japan's
Emperors were educated there.
7. Iwasaki Hisaya was a son of the famed founder of the
Mitsubishi Cartel, but this statement seems wrong to Sawai, because
Hisaya was 11 years older than Nakamura Sensei. It might have been
his younger brother Koyata, who was three years older than Nakamura
Sensei. Koyata studied at Cambridge and became president of the
Mitsubishi Company.
8. Hara Takashi was one of the most famous Prime Ministers
in Japan. He was well-known for creating the Seiyu-Kai, Japan's
first political party, and he contributed to the introduction of
democracy in Japan.
9. Togo Heihachiro was a famous Admiral, often compared
to Nelson of Britain; he is known as the "Nelson of the East." He
led the Japanese fleet to defeat the Baltic Fleet of the Russian
Empire during the Japan-Russia War.
10. Sugiura Jugo was a great educator and thinker. He
studied chemistry in England, and he became President of Tokyo
University (Division of Juniors).
11. This number seems to Sawai to be exaggerated.
